Uttar Pradesh East India is a state in northern India with a population of over 240 million, making it the most populous state in India and the world. It was established in 1950 and is divided into 18 divisions and 75 districts, with the capital in Lucknow and Allahabad serving as the judicial capital.
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The state is bordered by several other states and covers 240,928 km2. Its economy is dominated by the services industry, and the state is known for its sugar production. The state has a rich history and is home to several holy Hindu temples and pilgrimage centers, as well as three World Heritage sites.
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Uttar Pradesh East India
| Particulars | Description |
|---|---|
 Area | 2,40,928 sq. km |
 Population | 19,95,81,477 * |
 Capital | Lucknow |
 Principal Languages | Hindi and Urdu |
History and Geography
Uttar Pradesh boasts a rich and ancient history. In Vedic times, it was known as Brahmarshi Desha or Madhya Desha, and it was home to many prominent sages such as Bhardwaja, Gautam, Yagyavalkaya, Vashishtha, Vishwamitra, and Valmiki. The state also served as the birthplace and inspiration for several sacred books and epics, including the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
During the sixth century B.C., Uttar Pradesh East India became associated with Jainism and Buddhism, and it was in Sarnath where Buddha delivered his first sermon and Kushinagar where he passed away. Throughout history, cities such as Ayodhya, Prayag, Varanasi, and Mathura have also become renowned centers of learning.
In the medieval period, Uttar Pradesh came under Muslim rule, which led to a synthesis of Hindu and Islamic cultures. Many intellectuals such as Ramananda, Kabir, Tulsidas, and Surdas contributed to the growth of Hindi and other languages.
Even during British administration, Uttar Pradesh maintained its intellectual excellence. Agra and Oudh were combined to form the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, which was later shortened to the United Provinces in 1935. Finally, in January 1950, the state was renamed Uttar Pradesh.
Uttar Pradesh is bordered by Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh to the north, Haryana to the west, Madhya Pradesh to the south, and Bihar to the east. The state can be divided into two main regions: the Southern Hills and the Gangetic Plain.
Climate of Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh East India, a state in northern India, has a humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Winter occurs in January and February, followed by summer from March to May, and the monsoon season between June and September. During summers, temperatures can range from 0-50°C (32-122°F) in certain parts of the state, accompanied by dry hot winds known as Loo.
The Gangetic plain area varies from semi-arid to sub-humid, and the state’s mean annual rainfall ranges from 650 mm (26 inches) in the southwest to 1,000 mm (39 inches) in the eastern and southeastern regions. The Bay of Bengal branch of the Indian monsoon is the primary source of rain in most parts of the state during summers. During winters, rainfall is contributed by western disturbances and the northeast monsoon, while the southwest monsoon brings most of the rain after summers.
The amount of rainfall in Uttar Pradesh can vary from 170 cm (67 inches) in hilly areas to 84 cm (33 inches) in Western Uttar Pradesh, with most of the rain concentrated in the four months of the monsoon. Excess rain can lead to floods, while shortages can lead to droughts, which commonly recur in the state. The climate of the Vindhya Range and plateau is subtropical, with a mean annual rainfall between 1,000 and 1,200 mm (39 and 47 inches), most of which occurs during the monsoon season.
From March to June, the typical summer months, maximum temperatures range from 30-38°C (86-100°F), with low relative humidity of about 20%, and dust-laden winds blowing throughout the season. The state experiences hot winds called Loo during summers.
Crime and accidents
The National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC) reports that Uttar Pradesh is at the top of the list of states with the highest number of encounter killings and custodial deaths. Out of 1,530 deaths recorded in the country in 2014, the state reported 365 judicial deaths. Additionally, the state had 4,889 cases of murder out of over 30,000 murders registered in the country in 2016.
Bareilly recorded the highest number of custodial deaths at 25, followed by Agra (21), Allahabad (19), and Varanasi (9), according to data from the Minister of Home Affairs (MHA). While Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of crimes among any state in India, the actual per capita crime rate is low due to its high population, according to National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data from 2011.
Uttar Pradesh also has the highest number of communal violence incidents and 23% of all incidents of communal violence in India took place in the state, according to an analysis of Ministers of State of Home Affairs states in 2014.
Uttar Pradesh failed to improve its Human Development Index (HDI) ranking over a period of 27 years (1990–2017), according to research assembled by the State Bank of India. The state reported the highest number of deaths due to road and rail accidents in 2015, which amounted to 23,219 deaths, including 8,109 deaths due to careless driving, according to NCRB data.
Between 2006 and 2010, Uttar Pradesh experienced three terrorist attacks, including explosions in a landmark holy place, a court, and a temple. The 2006 Varanasi bombings resulted in at least 28 deaths and up to 101 injuries. In November 2007, six consecutive serial blasts occurred in the Lucknow, Varanasi, and Faizabad courts within 25 minutes, killing 28 people. On December 7, 2010, a blast occurred at Sheetla Ghat in Varanasi, killing over 38 people.
Tourist Centres
Uttar Pradesh East India offers a diverse range of attractions to cater to all kinds of tourists. The state boasts ancient places of pilgrimage like Varanasi, Vindhyachal, Ayodhya, Chitrakoot, Prayag, Naimisharanya, Mathura, Vrindavan, Dewa Sharief, Dargah of Sheikh Saleem Chisti in Fatehpur Sikri, Sarnath, Shravasti, Kushinagar, Sankisa, Kampil, Piprahwa, and Kaushambi.
In addition, Uttar Pradesh has numerous destinations that feature rich treasures of Hindu and Islamic architecture and culture, including Agra, Ayodhya, Sarnath, Varanasi, Lucknow, Jhansi, Gorakhpur, Jaunpur, Kannauj, Mahoba, Devgarh, Bithur, and Vindhyachal. The Taj Mahal in Agra is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the state, drawing visitors from all over the world to marvel at its stunning beauty and rich history.
Festivals
Uttar Pradesh is a land of diverse festivals and celebrations, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of the state. One of the most notable festivals is the Kumbh Mela, held in Allahabad every 12 years, and the Ardh Kumbh Mela held every 6 years, attracting millions of pilgrims from all over the world. The Magh Mela, which is held in January, is also an important event when people come to take a dip in the holy Sangam.
Other popular festivals include the Jhoola fair in Mathura, Vrindavan, and Ayodhya, where dolls are placed in gold and silver cradles. The Kartik Poornamasi is considered the holiest day for a dip in the Ganga, and big congregations are held in Garhmukteshwar, Soran, Rajghat, Kakora, Bithur, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi, and Ayodhya. The Bateshwar cattle fair in Agra district is also a famous event.
Dewa in Barabanki district has gained popularity because of the Muslim saint Waris Ali Shah. In addition, important festivals of Hindus, Muslims, and other religions are widely celebrated in the state. The festivals of Uttar Pradesh showcase the diversity of its culture and traditions, attracting tourists from all over the world.
Transport
Transportation in Uttar Pradesh East India includes a well-developed network of roads, railways, and airports.
Roads: The Public Works Department (PWD) of the state is responsible for maintaining a total road length of 146,728 km. This comprises 3,820 km of national highways, 8,391 km of state highways, 119,726 km of other district roads, and 134,517 km of rural roads.
Railways: The state has a well-connected railway network, with Lucknow serving as the main junction of the northern network. Other important railway junctions include Agra, Kanpur, Allahabad, Mughalsarai, Jhansi, Moradabad, Varanasi, Tundla, Gorakhpur, Gonda, Faizabad, Bareilly, and Sitapur.
Aviation: Uttar Pradesh has several airports, including those in Lucknow, Kanpur, Varanasi, Allahabad, Agra, Jhansi, Bareilly, Hindon (Ghaziabad), Gorakhpur, Sarsawa (Saharanpur), and Fursatganj (Rae-Barelli).
Irrigation and Power
On 14 January 2000, UP Power Corporation, UP State Power Generation, and UP Hydel Power Corporation were established by reorganizing UP State Electricity Board.
The installed capacity of power generation in Uttar Pradesh was 4659 MW in 2001-02, 5011 MW in 2006-07, and presently 5077 MW. In 2001-02, the total power production was 226330 lakh KW, which increased to 229692 lakh KW in 2006-07, and presently stands at 227099 lakh KW for the year 2007-08. The total power consumption in 2001-02 was 253301 lakh KW.
In Uttar Pradesh East India, power is a crucial factor for speeding up economic growth. The installed capacity during the Tenth Five Year Plan was 7821.82 MW for the reorganized state. Only 56.6% of the 97135 villages were electrified and 7.88 lakh private tube wells were energized. Initially, the total installed capacity of UPSEB, including thermal and hydro, was 2,635 MW, which has now been increased to 5414 MW (derated 5,885.75 MW).
Culture
The state of Uttar Pradesh has a rich cultural heritage with a diverse range of languages, literature, music, dance, festivals, and cuisine. The state has been home to several renowned Indian writers such as Kabir, Ravidas, and Tulsidas, who composed many of their works in Uttar Pradesh. Hindi is the language of state administration, and Urdu was added as an additional language in 1989. The state is linguistically diverse, with languages such as Awadhi, Bagheli, Bundeli, Braj Bhasha, Kannauji, Hindustani, and Bhojpuri being spoken.
Kathak, a classical dance form, originated in Uttar Pradesh, and Ramlila, a folk dance that depicts the life of the Hindu deity Rama, is one of the oldest dramatic dances performed during festivals such as Vijayadashami. The state is also home to Lucknow and Benares gharanas of the gharana dance form.
Uttar Pradesh celebrates a variety of festivals, including Chhath Puja, the Kumbh Mela, Lathmar Holi, Taj Mahotsav, and Ganga Mahotsav. The cuisine of Uttar Pradesh is influenced by Mughlai and Central Asian cuisine, with Awadhi cuisine from Lucknow being particularly famous. Mughlai dishes are popular in the state, and the Uttar Pradeshi thali with naan, sultani dal, raita, and shahi paneer is a must-try for food enthusiasts.
Industry and Minerals
According to previous records, there were 612,338 Small Scale Industries in Uttar Pradesh East India, with a total investment of 7172 crore.
The public sector in Uttar Pradesh is involved in mining various minerals such as limestone, magnesite, coal, rock phosphate, dolomite, and silicon-sand. The private sector is responsible for the bulk production of minor and some major minerals like limestone, silica-sand, magnesite, pyrophyllite, and diaspore. The state has significant mineral-based industries, including large cement plants in Sonebhadra.
